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1.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 80(supl.3): 1-6, June 2020. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1135184

ABSTRACT

The disease named COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, is currently generating a global pandemic. Vaccine development is no doubt the best long-term immunological approach, but in the current epidemiologic and health emergency there is a need for rapid and effective solutions. Convalescent plasma is the only antibody-based therapy available for COVID-19 patients to date. Equine polyclonal antibodies (EpAbs) put forward a sound alternative. The new generation of processed and purified EpAbs containing highly purified F(ab’)2 fragments demonstrated to be safe and well tolerated. EpAbs are easy to manufacture allowing a fast development and scaling up for a treatment. Based on these ideas, we present a new therapeutic product obtained after immunization of horses with the receptor-binding domain of the viral Spike glycoprotein. Our product shows around 50 times more potency in in vitro seroneutralization assays than the average of convalescent plasma. This result may allow us to test the safety and efficacy of this product in a phase 2/3 clinical trial to be conducted in July 2020 in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires, Argentina.


La enfermedad denominada COVID-19 es causada por el coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 y es actualmente considerada una pandemia a nivel global. El desarrollo de vacunas es sin duda la mejor estrategia a largo plazo, pero debido a la emergencia sanitaria, existe una necesidad urgente de encontrar soluciones rápidas y efectivas para el tratamiento de la enfermedad. Hasta la fecha, el uso de plasma de convalecientes es la única inmunoterapia disponible para pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19. El uso de anticuerpos policlonales equinos (EpAbs) es otra alternativa terapéutica interesante. La nueva generación de EpAbs incluyen el procesamiento y purificación de los mismos y la obtención de fragmentos F(ab’)2 con alta pureza y un excelente perfil de seguridad en humanos. Los EpAbs son fáciles de producir, lo cual permite el desarrollo rápido y la elaboración a gran escala de un producto terapéutico. En este trabajo mostramos el desarrollo de un suero terapéutico obtenido luego de la inmunización de caballos utilizando el receptor-binding domain de la glicoproteína Spike del virus. Nuestro producto mostró ser alrededor de 50 veces más potente en ensayos de seroneutralización in vitro que el promedio de los plasmas de convalecientes. Estos resultados nos permitirían testear la seguridad y eficacia de nuestro producto en ensayos clínicos de fase 2/3 a realizarse a partir de julio de 2020 en la zona metropolitana de Buenos Aires, Argentina.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/isolation & purification , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Immune Sera/immunology , Antibodies, Viral/isolation & purification , Antibodies, Viral/immunology , Antibodies, Viral/chemistry , Argentina , Immunoglobulin G/isolation & purification , Immunoglobulin G/chemistry , Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/chemistry , Neutralization Tests , Pandemics , Betacoronavirus , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19 , Horses
2.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 57(Supl.2): 21-33, Aug. 1997.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-320011

ABSTRACT

Hosts and their pathogens have co-evolved for millions of years, developing multiple and intimate interactions. Vertebrates have evolved a very complex immune system which pathogens have often been able to circumvent, in some cases even managing to appropriate some of its components for their own purpose. Among the pathogens which do use components of the immune system to survive and propagate, those coding for the expression of superantigens (SAgs) are now under intense scrutiny. Investigations concerning one of these pathogens, the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), led to the understanding of how the expression of such components is a critical step in their life cycle. A number of milk-borne exogenous MMTV infect mice shortly after birth and, when expressed, produce superantigens. Herein, we describe the biological effects of new variants of MMTV. Two of these, BALB14 and BALB2 encoding SAgs with V beta 14+ and V beta 2+ specificities, respectively, were present in BALB/c mice of our colony (BALB/cT); a third variant, termed MMTV LA, originated in (BALB/cTxAKR)F1 mice from recombination between BALB 14 and Mtv-7 endogenous provirus. The recombinant LA virus induces the deletion of V beta 6+ and V beta 8.1+ T cells as a consequence of the acquisition of SAg hypervariable coding region of Mtv-7. The SAg encoded by MMTV LA strongly stimulates cognate T cells in vivo leading to a very effective amplification of lymphoid cells in BALB/c mice, correlating with a high incidence of mammary tumors. These results suggest that the presence of non-productive endogenous proviruses--generally considered to confer a selective advantage to the host by protecting it from infection with exogenous MMTVs encoding cross-reactive SAgs--could also be advantageous for the pathogen by increasing its variability, thus broadening the host range and allowing the expansion of highly tumorigenic variants.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Retroviridae Infections/immunology , Tumor Virus Infections/immunology , Superantigens/immunology , Gammaretrovirus/immunology , Disease Susceptibility , Genetic Predisposition to Disease , Genome, Viral , Retroviridae Infections/genetics , Tumor Virus Infections/genetics , Virus Integration/genetics , Virus Integration/immunology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase , Gammaretrovirus/genetics
3.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 57(3): 327-31, 1997. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-209650

ABSTRACT

En este trabajo se describen los efectos biológicos de nuevas variantes virales de MMTV exógenos. Una de ellas denominada BALB14 está presente en la cepa BALB/c e induce un bajo porcentaje de adecarcinomas mamarios. Otra de ellas, (MMTV-7) se originó por recombinación entre BALB14 y transcriptos derivados del provirus endógeno Mtv-7. El desarrollo de una línea de ratones BALB/c infectada con ambas variantes virales a través del amamantamiento con una nodriza F1 (BABL/cxAKR) en la que surge el MMTV-7, permitió demonstrar que el virus recombinante - que expressa el SAg del provirus endógeno - es amplificado en los huéspedes BALB/c y resulta en ellos altamente tumorigénico. Se discute el rol de la adquisición de superantígenos estimulatorios en la amplificación del virus recombinante. Los resultados obtenidos permiten hipotetizar que la presencia en el genoma del ratón de provirus endógenos no productivos - considerada hasta ahora como protectora frente a la infección con virus MMTV exógenos - oferecía además ventajas selectivas para el virus al aumentar su variabilidad poblacional, permitiendo así la ampliación del rango de huéspedes susceptibles y la expanción de variantes con alta patogenicidad.


Subject(s)
Mice , Animals , Carcinogenicity Tests , In Vitro Techniques , Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/immunology , Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/immunology , Retroviridae Infections/immunology , Superantigens , Tumor Virus Infections/immunology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Recombination, Genetic
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